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Performance Of Mysql ( Non Cluster ) And Hadoop - 1243 Words

Overview: This section describes the purpose of this research, the rationales for undertaking it and the background knowledge that is relevant to this research. It provides the research background that describes the polemic in the Database Management Systems (DBMS); research question in regards of performance of MySQL (non cluster) and Hadoop; the research aim; the research objectives; and the research outline. 1.1. Background The weakness of the relational database unfolded by the rise of web-driven application (Lake and Crowther, 2013; Dede et al., 2013), whereas non-relational database gained their popularity (Li and Manoharan, 2013; Parker et al., 2013; Prasad and Gohil, 2014). However, since it was believed that a relational and a non-relational database had a different function, therefore Parker et al. (2013); Tudorica and Bucur (2011) stated that those databases were not comparable. Relational database appropriates for modest structured dataset, while non-relational database suitable for large unstructured dataset (Parker et al., 2013). In regards of choosing a database platform, it was recommended to choose a database platform that had an excellent performance (A MySQL AB, 2005; Lake and Crowther, 2013; Kulshrestha and Sachdeva, 2014). In the era of web-driven database application, it is necessary to have an excellent performance of database due to the necessity of processing a huge amount of data traffic (Butcher and Maslakowsky, 2003). Due to the important roleShow MoreRelatedResearch : Structured And Unstructured Dataset771 Words   |  4 Pageset al., 2013), whereas non-relational database gained their popularity (Li and Manoharan, 2013; Parkr et al., 2013; Prasad and Gohil, 2014). However, since relational and non-relational have different function depends on the form and the size of the dataset, therefore Parker et al. (2013); Tudorica and Bucur (2011) stated that those two types of database platform are not comparable. Relational database is suitable for structured dataset with modest size of data, while non-relational database is forRead MoreDescription And Analysis Of The Run Time Pattern1496 Words   |  6 Pagestimes execution, comparison of the overall run time using an arithmetic mean approach and error analysis. Run Time Pattern in Three Executions MySQL (non cluster) had a stable pattern within three executions, while Hadoop did not. According to my investigation, it caused by the following reason: I executed MySQL (non cluster) through SSH window, whereas Hadoop was executed through Ambari client browser. The connection through SSH did not use Internet public network, while client browser used it. InRead MoreReport Assignment1748 Words   |  7 Pagesbuddet1989@gmail.com †¢ Over all 4 years of IT experience in analysis, design and development using Hadoop, Java and J2EE. †¢ 3+ years experience in Big Data technologies and Hadoop ecosystem projects like Map Reduce, YARN, HDFS, Apache Cassandra, Spark, NoSQL, HBase, Oozie, Hive, Tableau, Sqoop, Pig, Storm, Kafka, HCatalog, Zoo Keeper and Flume †¢ Excellent understanding / knowledge of Hadoop architecture and various components such as HDFS, Job Tracker, Task Tracker, Name Node, Data Node and MapRead MoreInvestigation Into An Efficient Hybrid Model Of A With Mapreduce + Parallel Platform Data Warehouse Architecture Essay1954 Words   |  8 PagesCarolina, USA E-mail: skotturi@uncc.edu Abstract—Parallel databases are the high performance databases in RDBMS world that can used for setting up data intensive enterprise data warehouse but they lack scalability whereas, MapReduce paradigm highly supports scalability, nevertheless cannot perform as good as parallel databases. Deriving an architectural hybrid model of best of both worlds that can support high performance and scalability at the same time. Keywords—Data Warehouse; Parallel databases;Read MoreEssay On Cloud Computing1601 Words   |  7 Pagesthe field of Science and Engineering. It gives mathematical solution and imitates the complex algorithm.Running large simulations requires a huge amount of computing resources which is provided by Supercomputers, Cluster, and Grids. Scientific Computing mainly depends on High-Performance Computing (HPC) and Parallel Processing. Cloud Computing is evolved as a new source to acquire resource on demand with the provision of virtual infinite resources.It has become beneficial to use Cloud Computing inRead MoreApache Cassandr A Open Source Distributed Database Management System3233 Words   |  13 Pagesis used by some of the major organizations to handle their data sets, etc. In pursuit of finding reasons for some of such questions, the paper focuses on few most popular NoSQL databases like MongoDB, Redis, HBase, ElasticSearch and Neo4j. The performance and scalability being the key factors for Cassandra Database, this report move ahead of the well-known features of Cassandra and showcases on the details which are less known to most of the people about Cassandra starting with Cassandra data modelRead MoreCloud Database : A Shift Toward New Paradigm4763 Words   |  20 Pageshigh availability, optimized resource allocation and multitenancy. A cloud database can be a traditional database such as MySQL and SQL Server. These databases can be installed, configured and maintained on a Cloud server by the user himself. This option is popularly called the â€Å"Doit-Yourself† approach (DIY). Few providers offer readymade database services such as Xeround’s MySQL [4]. In â€Å"Do-it-Yourself† approach, the developers manually ensure reliabili ty and elasticity service. Selection of a DBaaSRead MoreBig Data Belongs In A Warehouse Not A Silo4480 Words   |  18 PagesTraditional data warehouse technologies were not designed for this volume, velocity and variety of data, which is collectively referred to as big data. Some people believe that the answer to challenges posed by big data lie in a relatively new group of non-relational data storage and management products known collectively as NoSQL. However, NoSQL system development is different from traditional data warehouse development in that it is application driven. This has led some pundits to postulate that NoSQLRead MoreA Brief Note On Internet And Cloud Technology1815 Words   |  8 PagesUsing concurrent processing data retrieval is fast and NoSQL process using concurrent processing. Introduction: Present day most of the clients are using the traditional databases like Oracle, DB2 etc and are experiencing problems in storage and performance. A large number of changes are required so that they can overcome all the drawback of the traditional database and researches are carrying out which is resulting in the database which differ from the normal database characteristics. Various numberRead MoreSurvey On Graph Databases : Graph Database3635 Words   |  15 PagesUniversity of Edinburgh Abstract. Graph databases, also called graph-oriented database, is a type of not only SQL (NoSQL) database based on graph theory that can store, map and query data relationships. Because this kind of database ensures its robust performance in processing graph-like data, it has been widely used in industry, for instance, Facebook and Twitter are using graph databases to store and analyze their user proles. This paper re- viewed motivations and development of graph databases. Then

Same Sex Marraiges in the United States Essay Example For Students

Same Sex Marraiges in the United States Essay Same-Sex Marriages In the United States How do most couples show the world that they are in a loving, devoted, committed relationship? How does one express that they want to spend the rest of their life with one particular person? This is normally done through a marriage, celebrated by a wedding, certified by a marriage license. Homosexuals are human; therefore they are capable of loving another person just as any heterosexual human. Yet, homosexuals are unable to obtain a marriage license. This needs to be changed. Currently in the United States there is much legal and cultural activity surrounding the possibility of the legalization of gay marriage. As of December 1995, a law case underway in Hawaii may lay the ground for legal recognition of same-sex unions. Such legal moves, as well as the efforts by lesbian and gay couples to be recognized as such, face denunciation from some conservative voices who assert that by nature and divine will only relationships between men and women can be considered natural. And, to be honest, there is also an unease expressed by some lesbian and gay activists who, recalling the critique of patriarchy made by 1970s feminism, see marriage as an irretrievably heterosexual institution. Same-sex marriages should be legal everywhere in the United States of America. According to the Constitution, marriage is a civil right that all Americans are born with. Our country has decided by passing the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in 1996 that two people of the same gender cannot get married. By taking away this basic civil right, America has defied what our Founding Fathers based our country one, freedom. Homosexuals are allowed to speak freely, to bear arms, to have privacy, to be protected. What about to marry? It is wrong to base a persons civil rights on sexuality. Along with the basic civil right to marry, there are other rights that the Defense of Marriage Act denies homosexuals. Rights that married people take for granted, such as the ability to visit a sick or injured spouse in the hospital, are denied to gay and lesbian people. Because of the law, hospitals and other institutions do not have to respect the basic human rights of gay and lesbian couples. Likewise, if one partner in a married couple is seriously ill and incapacitated, the other spouse should be able to make decisions regarding their care and guardianship. This basic right of guardianship is denied to gay and lesbian couples, because, again, their committed relationships are not recognized under the law. If one partner is incapacitated, the other partner is not given the right to make basic health care decisions. If homosexual couples had legal partnerships, there would not be any cases of confusion over guardianship or visitation in places like hospitals. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, many of the benefits of marriage that homosexuals are denied include: government benefits like Social Security and Medicare; hospital visitation rights; special rates and exemptions on tax returns; joint child custody; joint insurance policies; automatic inheritance in the absence of a will; making medical decisions on a partners behalf; and choosing a final resting place for a deceased partner. While none of these are reasons to get married, they are all benefits and perks that homosexuals should not be denied simply because of their choice of a partner. They are rights that homosexuals are entitled to and deserve, and are rights that they would be able to benefit from if same-sex marriages were legalized. It is predicted that there would be a large income tax revenue, and that should make most tax-paying citizens happy. In most same-sex couples, both people hold jobs so they are both earners. A married couple with two earners normally has a high income tax, meaning more money for the government. Therefore, if same-sex marriages are allowed, the tax revenue will increase due to more marriages consisting of two earners. It is clear to see that they deserve these rights as much as heterosexual couples do, and that their choice of partner should not affect these basic rights. .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .postImageUrl , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:hover , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:visited , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:active { border:0!important; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:active , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Virgil's Aeneid Essay In the internet source: www.lambdalegal.org, the article states, Same-sex couples want to get married for the same .

Essay Humans In The Biosphere Example For Students

Essay Humans In The Biosphere Biosphere:The biosphere is part of the earth in which life exists. It is 20 kilometers thick from the bottom of the ocean to the lower atmosphere. It consists of three layers: the lithosphere, which is the land on the surface of the earth; the hydrosphere, which comprises of the water on the earth as well as water vapor in the air; and the atmosphere, which is made up of the air that surrounds the earth. The living organisms in the biosphere interact and affect each other in many ways. This is called a biotic community. There are non-living elements that have an effect on living organisms, these are considered abiotic factors. Some examples of abiotic factors are air, temperature, water, soil, light, and minerals. In a biosphere, organisms live in special groupings for instance a population consists of all individuals of a type living in a general area. An community is a population located in a certain area living among different species. An ecosystem is a larger mass of a population, a community, and abiotic factors. Ecosystems can be aquatic or terrestrial. The earths aquatic ecosystem makes up about 75% of the earths surface. This aquatic environment is divided into marine and freshwater environments. The earths earthly ecosystem is mainly made up of forests and deserts, which make up for 25% of the earths surface. The role or function of an organism in a community is that organisms function. An organisms role is an area picked by that organism based on physical factors such as temperature, light, oxygen and carbon dioxide content and biological factors such as food, competition for resources and predators. This niche provides the organism a place to live in. A habitat remains consistent with an organisms niche as well as provides the organism with a place to reproduce. In this case, organisms may have the same habitat, but different niches. There are three types of relationships involving the interactions between organisms. They are mutualism* (mutually beneficial association between different kinds of organisms), commensalisms* (a relation between two kinds of organisms in which one obtains food or other benefits from the other without damaging or benefiting it), and parasitism* (an intimate association between organisms of tow of more kind; especially: one of which a parasite obtains from a host which it usually injures.)1.) Mutualism is a relationship where both organisms benefit from their interaction with each other. An example is the honey bee and a flowering plant. 2.) Commensalisms only benefits one organism, but the other organism is not affected. 3. ) Parasitism only benefits one organism and harms the other organism, which most of the time is the host. In the ecosystem, matter and nutrients are cycled by way of biogeochemical cycles such as water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and phosphorous. The burning of fossil fuels contributes to the industrial cycle of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This contributes to the greenhouse effect, which has been a reason for global warming. Nitrogen is found in the atmosphere and makes up about 78% of the earths air mixture. Oxygen makes up about 22% of the earths air mixture, and pollutants make up about 1% of the earths air mixture. Nitrogen is important in the development of organisms on earth, as the make compounds such as proteins and amino acid. These compounds are important because they make up DNA and other compounds crucial to the formation and sustenance of life. Changes in an ecosystem are brought about by different factors. For example, ecological series brings about the replacement of one community by another in an ecosystem. In other instances, organisms that colonize an area with no community present are considered pioneer organisms. A climax community is the final stage of development of organisms and can be disrupted by a major catastrophe like a volcanic eruption. .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7 , .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7 .postImageUrl , .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7 , .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7:hover , .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7:visited , .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7:active { border:0!important; } .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7:active , .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7 .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uba4f1572e557ee9474c580b612bd1af7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: SOLAR POWER Essay Bibliography:Charlene Ngong: http://Science/Ecology_lab_report.shtml

Affirmative Action misc3 essays

Affirmative Action misc3 essays Affirmative action is described as the term meant taking appropriate steps to eradicate the then widespread practices of racial, religious, and ethnic discrimination. The history of affirmative action starts a long time before this definition was stated during the early 1960's. It starts back to the Declaration of Independence where it states all men are created equal. It moves toward the Emancipation Proclamation, the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments which involved the freeing of slaves, abolishing slavery, conferred citizenship on all persons born in the United States, and guaranteeing voting rights to all citizens. There were also many court cases that helped move forth into affirmative action. A few examples would be Buchanan v. Warley, Plessy v. Ferguson, and Brown v. Board of Education. The latter court case was a real firestorm over affirmative action, which ruled that all local, state, and federal laws that enforced segregation in education was striked down. President John F. Kennedy first used the phrase "Affirmative Action" when he issued Executive Order 10952. This order created the Equal Opportunity Commission or the EEOC and contractors on projects financed with federal funds to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, ant employees are treated during their employment without regard to race, creed, color, or national origin." President Kennedy also pushed for more legislation but was not alive to see it go through. Proceeding Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson took over the fight and pushed for the passing of Civil Rights Act of 1964, which barred discrimination in the variety of private and public settings. It included prohibiting discrimination in private facilities, outlawed discrimination in federally-funded-programs, and prohibited discrimination by both private and public employers and so forth. Still under Johnson's control, the Executive Order 11246, placed the responsibility for a...

Invisible Man Essays - Invisible Man, Brotherhood, Paint Factory

Invisible Man Essays - Invisible Man, Brotherhood, Paint Factory Invisible Man 1. In the Emerson's paint factory, the narrator first gets a job adding dope to bad paint and then is sent to work down in the basement of a building, where the oils for the paint are produced. The then gets into a fight with his foreman, and neglects his job of watching pressure gauges. His neglecting causes an explosion at Emerson's Paint factory and he is injured in the blast, and has to be taken to the hospital. 2. Brother Jack was the leader of the Brother hood. He was the one who sought out the narrator to become part of the Brotherhood. Tod Clifton was the youth leader of the Brotherhood. Tod was black and a handsum man, who lead the youth section of the Brotherhood, but in the end he betrayed the Brotherhood. Ras the Exhorter was a man against the Brotherhood. He wanted black versus white hate and was opposed to all the Brotherhood was up to. Sybil was a women in the Brotherhood, who was married. The narrator wanted to suduce her to find out what she knew, but she turned out to know nothing at all. 3. The symbolic significance of Mary's cast-iron coin bank is of what black people stand for to white people. The coin bank made the narrator angry, because it was symbolic of blacks, being slaves to white people, and how some white people though of black people as entertainment, and were not actually people but where just animals. 4. I believe that the narrator was unnamed for two reasons. One being that most of the novel was a flash back to things that had happened and he was explaining about himself, and we didn't need to know his name since we knew so much about him. Secondly because of the title of the book Invisible being mysterious, and to follow that the author decided not to tell the readers the narrators name to follow the mystery of the title. 5. The Brotherhood was an organization of people who believed in total unity of all of the races. Their purpose was to organize together as brothers and make every one of all nationalities and colors be in peace with each other, to respect every race as friends, as brothers.

Issues in Global Political Economy Research Paper

Issues in Global Political Economy - Research Paper Example As the research stresses natural resource abundance hinders economic growth. Many countries in African have plenty of natural resources such as gold, oil, and copper among many others. More than two-thirds of their products moving outside the country are natural resources, and yet these nations are poor and politically unstable. The countries depend on foreign investors for their economic feasibility. As the paper discusses some countries rich in oil minerals such as Iran, Kuwait, and Libya experienced slow growth in the last several decades. Moreover, members of the OPEC, in general, experience a fall in the GNP per capita whereas states not rich in minerals enjoyed a growth in their GNP per capita. South Africa went through a period of de-industrialization and a disappointing economic growth in the 1970's during the boom in gold prices. Several factors led the effects key of them being that the real exchange rate appreciated, and depreciation followed after that. The world saw a shift in making of cocoa paste from countries such as Peru and Venezuela to Colombia after the disruption of the air bridge. Consequently, a booming demand for Colombian coca was experienced, and many people in Columbia became self-employed, and teenagers in the rural areas got work to do. Although, the boom had economic spillover effects as well as financial opportunities it marked the beginning of viol ence and conflicts in major cities.

Chloride Concentration in South Florida Canal Essay

Chloride Concentration in South Florida Canal - Essay Example The Florida canals are located in South Florida is occupies a relatively low-lying highly carbonate area in terms of the topographical dimension. The area receives a relative relief rainfall pattern and the rainfall distribution is 10mm over 100 Km range. South Florida lies mainly on bedrock whose composition was mainly carbonated material, which was formed over one twenty years ago. The South Florida canals are mainly wetlands forming a critical component of the ecosystem. The increasing levels of chlorine and other chemicals in the canal is a major concern for the government and researchers in general (Gleason 165). Agricultural, household and industrial activities contribute a lot to the increasing levels of chemicals in the canal over the last one hundred years. The quality of water bodies in the Florida canal is deteriorating because of several factors such anthropologic activities, wetlands eutrophication and methylmercury pollution in the canal. Eutrophication is mainly caused by high levels of phosphoric materials from the industries. Marine life in the canal is deteriorating as a result of methylmercury pollution from industrial activities (F. McPherson 59). Moreover, the rate at which the wetlands dry is increasing as due to anthropogenic activities in the Florida canals. This affects the effectiveness at which water flows into the canal that is a big blow to the ecosystem balance. This research, however, focuses on determining the levels or concentration of chloride in the Florida canals.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 170

Assignment Example Its Canadian culture has led to loyalty of its customers, strategy that has made it difficult for other coffee houses such as Starbucks to make it in the Canadian Market. Tim Horton’s culture has been able to adapt more in its local market as compared to international markets. The main reason for its adaptation strategies is the ethics of its culture locally leading to customer preference and loyalty. According to research, it has the largest customer share in Canada despite the entry of other giant rivals such as Starbucks and Burgerking. Starbucks, on the other hand, is a coffeehouse chain based in America with its headquarters in Washington. The largest share of its market is found in the United States where its corporate culture has grown strong since its foundation in the late 1970s. Its capital and asset accumulation has led to its international infiltration in markets from all continents. It has also made entries in the Canadian market where it has faced competition from Tim Hortons. Its ethics and customer relations have led to sales acceptance and sales in most international markets where customers are after its trademark. Starbucks has also been involved in environmental projects such as recycling leading to improvements in its corporate culture. Starbucks is the better performer depending on its capital accumulation and market share. Tim Hortons only has its markets in the U.S, Persian Gulf and Canada while Starbucks has expanded to all continents with over 13,000 units worldwide. Its wide variety of products has led to an increase in sales unlike Tim Hortons that has not diversified its products. However, Tim Hortons merger with Burgerking will lead to accumulation of capital that may lead to its expansion and increased performance. Conclusion on the best performer has been based on assets, capital accumulation and market share. Starbucks has higher

Computer Vision In Bad Weather.

Computer Vision In Bad Weather. Saswati Rakshit Aim: To take advantage of bad weather in estimation of depth of a scene from its image. As in bad weather atmosphere modulates original information of an image to the observer so based on observation,we develop model methods for recovering scene properties(e.g. 3D structure,depth etc). Scope/Application: Computer Vision is widely used in various fields now a days. It is used in Optical character recognition: Technology to convert scanned docs to text  Face detection,Smile detection: Many new digital cameras now detect faces and smiles. surveillance and traffic monitoring. Image to a 3D model : turning a collection of photographs into a 3D model Google Self driving Car uses computer vision for distance estimation Introduction : Vision and Atmosphere: Normally in good weather we assume reflected light passes through air without attenuation.so it is assumed brightness of an image point in the scene will be same.But due to atmospheric scattering,absorption and emission light intensity and color are altered. Here our main consideration is on scattering. Bad weather(Particles in space):- weather condition differ in type and size of particles and their concentration. Air (molecule): scattering due to air is minimal Haze (aerosol): haze is certain to effect visibility. Fog (water droplet): Fog and haze has similar origins.but haze extends to altitude of several miles while fog is few hundred feet thick. Cloud is present in high altitude. Rain and snow both effects in image. Here our main consideration is on haze and fog because they appear in low altitude as compared to cloud. Mechanisms of atmospheric scattering Scattering is dependent on particle size and shape.small particles scatter equally in forward and backward,medium size particle scatters more in forward direction and large particle scatters all in forward direction. In nature particles are separated from each other so they scatter independently.i.e. do not interfere others.but In multiple scattering a particle is exposed not only incident light but also light scattered by other particles. Single scattering function can be written as follows I(Ó ¨,ÃŽ »)=E(ÃŽ »).ÃŽ ²(Ó ¨,ÃŽ ») (1) Where E(ÃŽ ») is total incident flux on the volume per unit cross section area I(Ó ¨,ÃŽ ») is flux radiated per unit solid angle per unit volume of medium and ÃŽ ²(Ó ¨,ÃŽ ») is the angular scattering coefficient Objectives: To identify effects caused by bad weather that can be turned to our advantages.understanding attenuation and airlight model that is helpful to measure depth maps of scenes without making assumption about scene properties or the atmospheric conditions. System flow: Here our main goal is to estimate depth and forming 3D of a scene in bad weather condition. For this purpose we used Two different scattering model 1) Attenuation model 2) Airlight model Now first we have used attenuation model and In this model image is taken at night.so environmental illumination are minimal. To estimate depth of light sources in the scene from two images taken under different atmospheric conditions. And applying different mathematical formula used in attenuation model we can compute relative depth of all sources in the scene from two images taken under two different weather condition. Next to work with airlight model we need images in day or when environmental illumination can not be ignored.that is image of a scene is effected by airlight. After selecting the 2D image we apply mathematical formulas of airlight model and comparing the intensity of scene point depth can be easily measured an 3D reconstruction of that scene is also possible. Mathmatics And Description: Attenuation Model We know that beam of light that travels through atmosphere can be attenuated by scattering.and the radiance(intensity) decreases if pathlength increases. Attenuation model developed by McCartney is summarized below If a beam passing through a small sheet(medium) of thickness dx, intensity scattered by the sheet can be written as follows I(Ó ¨,ÃŽ »)=E(ÃŽ »).ÃŽ ²(Ó ¨,ÃŽ ») dx [it represents scattering in Ó ¨ direction] Now total flux scattered in all direction is obtained by integrating over entire spherical sheet φ(ÃŽ »)=E(ÃŽ »).ÃŽ ²(ÃŽ ») dx -(2) fractional change in irradiance at location x can be written as follows: -(3) By integrating both side of eqn(3) between limits x=0 and x=d we get E(d,)= -(4) Where I0(ÃŽ ») is the intensity of the point source and d is the distance between object and observer’ Sometimes attenuation due to scattering can be expressed in terms of optical thickness which is T= [here is constant over horizontal path] Here eqn (4) gives direct transmission which we get after removing scattered flux. Airlight Model Here atmosphere behaves as source of light.environmental illumination has several light sources including direct sunlight,diffuse skylight and light reflected by the ground.In airlight model light intensity increases with pathlength and so apparent brightness increases. If the object is in infinite distance the radiance of airlight is maximum and radiance of airlight for an object right in front of the observer is zero. To describe the geometry of that model,first we need to consider environmental illumination along the observer’s line of sight is assumed to be constant but direction and intensity is unknown. Let the cone of solid angle dω subtended by a receptor at observer end.and truncated by the object at distance d. This cone between observer and object scatters environmental illumination in the direction of observer.so it acts as airlight(source of light) whose brightness increases with pathlength. So the small volume dV at distance x from observer is dV= dω x2 dx Now the intensity of light incident on dV is dI(x,)= dV k = dω x2 dx k †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(5) now light scatters in dV.so irradiance it produces at observer end is dE(x,) = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.(6) [also given in eqn (4)] Now we can find radiance of dV from its irradiance as: dL(x,) = = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..(7) by substituting (5) we get, dL(x,)= now we will find total radiance of pathlength d from observer to object by integrating the above expression between x=0 to x=d L(d,)= k (1-) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.(8) If d =∞ the radiance of airlight is maximum L(∞,=k So , L(d,)= L(∞, (1-) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(9) Estimation of depth using Attenuation Model: In this model image is taken at night.so environmental illumination are minimal and so airlight model is not chosen.At night bright points of image are normally street light,windows of lit rooms.In clear night these light sources are visible to observer in brightest and clearest form but in bad weather condition the intensity diminish due to attenuation. Our goal is to estimate depth of light sources in the scene from two images taken under different atmospheric conditions. Here image irradiance can be written using eqn(4) as: E(d,)= g (10) [g is optical parameters of camera] If the detector of the camera has spectral response s(ÃŽ »),he final image brightness value is E/== (11) We know spectral bandwidth of camera is limited so we can assume as constant. And we can write, E/=g=g I/ (12) Now if we take image in two different weather condition i.e. in mild and dense fog then there will be two different scattering coefficient. Let it will be ÃŽ ²1 and ÃŽ ²2.now if we take ratio of two resulting image brightness we get R== -(13) Using natural log R/=ln R= †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..(14) This ratio is independent of camera sensor gain and intensity of source. In fact it is only difference in optical thickness(DOT) of the source for two weather conditions. Now if we compute the DOT of two different light source and take the ratio we determine relative depths of two source locations So we can write, = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.(15) Since we may not entirely trust the DOT computed for any single source.so above calculation can be made more robust = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..(16) [here we assume to find the intensity of a single source pi,which is at distance di from observer.so to calculate its relative depth from other sources we need to compute depth of all sources of the scene upto a scale factor] The main goal of using this model is to compute relative depth of all sources in the scene from two images taken under two different weather condition. Estimation of depth using Airlight Model: At noon or daytime in dense haze or fog or mild fog most visible scene points are not illuminated and airlight effects.airlight causes intensity to increase when distance increases. Here we consider a single airlight image and try to compute 3d scene structure by measuring depth cues. Let,a scene point is at distance d and produce airlight radiance L(d,).if our camera has spectral response S( The brightness value of that scene point is: E/(d)= †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.(17) Substituting it by eqn (9),we get E/(d)= †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(18) If is constant we can write, E/(d)= †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(19) Now Let, S= †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(20) By substituting eqn(19) at eqn (20),and taking natural logarithm we can write, S/= ln S = -ÃŽ ²d †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(21) Here S/ is scale factor and a 3D structure of scene can be recovered upto this scale factor The part of horizon in the image which has intensity will be the brightest region of the image.(sky background) Future work:Next we will understand and discuss about Dichromatic Atmospheric Scattering and structure from Chromatic Decomposition. References: http://www.canberra.edu.au/irps/archives/vol21no1/blbalaw.html (Accessed on 20.04.2015) Narasimhan, S. G., Nayar, S. K., â€Å"Vision and the Atmosphere†, International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 48(3), pp. 233–254, 2002. Allard’s Law, http://eilv.cie.co.at/term/34. (Accessed on 18.03.2015) Relation between Radiance and Irradiance, 2013, http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/68353/relation-between-radiance-and-irradiance. (Accessed on 18.03.2015) Radiaometry and Photometry, http://electron6.phys.utk.edu/optics421/modules/m4/radiometry.htm (Accessed on 28.03.2015

Reviewing the Homepage of Prestons Website :: Prestons Websites Showrooms Essays

Reviewing the Homepage of Preston's Website In the following report I will be reviewing the homepage of Prestons website, www.Prestons.co.uk. Prestons is a showroom situated in Colne, who deals with cars such as BMW and MINI. I will be explaining the content, layout and purpose of this webpage, and any improvements which I think could enhance the current company image. Content The homepage of Prestons website consists of both images and text. The main images drawn to my attention are: a red eye to show RedMammoth who is/ are the producer (s) / designer (s) of this website. Alongside that, is a picture of one of the latest models of BMW, the BMW x5, which is silver. Due to the fact that Prestons also deals with the sales of MINI, there is a picture of a silver MINI. Prestons also deals with Hillendale Land Rover’s; this is shown on their homepage, which is illustrated with a picture of the latest model of Landrover’s which is the Range Rover Vogue. The last of the images on this webpage is a Platinum Privilege card, which represents group information. To show what each image is there is an arrow pointing to each image and besides each arrow in the font Arial, size 9.5; it says what each image is representing in grey text. Beneath each image, there is a contact number for each link which is being represented by each picture except for underneath group information. There is a symbol for a telephone next to each number. The number is in the font Arial size 12. The largest piece of text within this homepage is PrestonsGroup which is again written in Arial but size 16. The font Arial has been used all throughout this homepage. The slogan â€Å"EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO† is written beneath PrestonsGroup in uppercase lettering, size 12. Prestons address is shown in white size 11. The rest of the text within this page is also in white. Beneath the address written in size 12 is the email address of Prestons. There are four different columns for the different purposes of this homepage i.e. a column for BMW, a separate column for MINI etc. No particular colour scheme has been kept throughout this homepage except for the images of the cars which are all silver, and each of the four columns are coloured differently. The RedMammoth column is in red, the BMW column in light blue, the MINI column in grey, the Hillendale landrover column in green and the group information column in dark blue. In each column there is a brief note as to what each one links

Cost Sheet

We take this opportunity to thank Prof Jayesh Jain for giving us an insight , his valuable advice , timely suggestions and constant support throughout the project. We would also like to thank Mr. Raj Raut who is into the ice-cream business for the valuable information that he shared with us ,which proved to be very helpful while preparing the project ABSTRACT This project report is prepared to study the cost analysis of Amul ice cream and to formulate the cost sheet to find the per unit cost of a single Amul ice cream cup of 100 gm(fruit and nut). Our colleagues uncle also helped us in finding the various cost involved in manufacturing ice cream and we also got information from www. amulicecream. in.OVERVIEW OF ICE-CREAM INDUSTRY History:- The ice cream industry is mainly governed by the prevention of food and adulteration act (PFA)-1954 in India. The ice cream market growth picked up after de-reservation of the sector in 1997. History of Indian ice-cream industry is very old started in un-organized sector and mainly the popular product was kulfi. New technologies and freezers are the main force behind the development. Future is bright for ice-cream industry in India. Production –area:- In rural areas, kulfis / ice creams made by small / cottage industry are popular. The market for organized sector is restricted to large metropolitan cities.In small towns and villages, there are thousands of small players who produce ice- creams / kulfis in their home backyard and cater to the local market. Almost 40% of the ice creams sold in the country are consumed in the western region with Mumbai being the main market, followed by 30% in the north and 20% in the south. Industry Snapshot:- †¢ Market Size – 1200 Crores †¢ Ice Cream market is growing at 26% (yoy) Major players:- 1. Amul – Market Leader with share of 36% 2. HLL – Kwality Walls – 2nd biggest player 3. Mother Diary 4. Arun – Chennai Based Hatsun Agro Product Fe w Brands/ Target Consumers 1. Youth Centric – Chillz 2. Kids – Moo 3. Teenagers – Cornetto 4. Health Conscious – Amul Sugarfree & Pro-Life Future of Ice Cream Market in India:-Ice Cream market will expand with increase in number of malls. Also companies like – HLL has been increasing their ice cream outlets – Swirl. Few years ago consumers use to go out for walk after dinner and use to buy ice creams from hawkers. But now consumer who often visit malls for entertainment prefers to buy ice creams during different times of the day as it is visible upfront and feel like spending Rs. 50 for that tasty chocolate swirl with cake and nuts. As marketers are understanding the different needs of consumers, be it health conscious people- (Amul sugar free and pro-life ice-cream) , kids, youngsters, etc, and are coming up with products specific for them. with portfolio of flavors, consumer today has plethora of options at hand to choose from and therefor e high probability of buying one more scoop of ice cream.Also with increasing wallet size and innovative modern retail formats, it has definitely given a Philip to the ice cream industry in India. About the company Amul [pic] Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation:- Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) is India's largest food products marketing organization. It is a state level apex body of milk cooperatives in Gujarat which aims to provide remunerative returns to the farmers and also serve the interest of consumers by providing quality products which are good value for money. Some statistics about the company:- The Turnover of Amul was Rs. 52. 55 billion in 2007-08. Members: |13 district cooperative milk producers' Union | | |2. 7 million | |No. of Producer Members: | | |No. of Village Societies: |13,141 | |Total Milk handling capacity: |10. 21 million liters per day | |Milk collection (Total – 2007-08): |2. 69 billion liters | |Milk collection (Daily Average 2007-08): |7. million liters | |Milk Drying Capacity: |626 Mts. per day | |Cattle feed manufacturing Capacity: |3090 Mts per day | AMUL –the brand:- Amul -the age old brand brand belongs to (GCMMF). AMUL means â€Å"priceless† in Sanskrit. The brand name â€Å"Amul,† comes from the Sanskrit word â€Å"Amoolya,† and was suggested by a quality control expert in Anand. Today Amul is a symbol of many things. Of high-quality products sold at reasonable prices. Of the genesis of a vast co-operative network.Of the triumph of indigenous technology. Of the marketing savvy of a farmers' organization. And of a proven model for dairy development. Various products under the brand name Amul :- Amul products have been in use in millions of homes since 1946. †¢ Amul Butter, †¢ Amul Milk Powder, †¢ Amul Ghee, †¢ Amul Cheese, †¢ Amul Chocolates, †¢ Amul Shrikhand, †¢ Amul Ice creams, †¢ Nutramul, Amul Milk and †¢ Amulya have made Amul a leading food brand in India. Some facts about the Amul ice cream:- †¢ Amul Ice Cream was launched on 10th March, 1996 in Gujarat. †¢ The portfolio consisted of impulse products like sticks, cones, cups as well as take home packs and institutional/catering packs. In 1997, Amul ice creams entered Mumbai followed by Chennai in 1998 and Kolkata and Delhi in 2002. Nationally it was rolled out across the country in 1999. †¢ Has combated competition like Walls, Mother Dairy and achieved the No 1 position in the country. This position was achieved in 2001 and it has continued to remain at the top.†¢ Today the market share of Amul ice cream is 38% share against the 9% market share of HLL, thus making it 4 times larger than its closest competitor. †¢ Amul’s entry into ice creams is regarded as successful due to the large market share it was able to capture within a short period of time – due to price differential, quality of products an d of course the brand name. Ice cream range:- Royal Treat Range – (Butterscotch, Rajbhog, Malai Kulfi †¢ Nut-o-Mania Range (Kaju Draksh, Kesar Pista Royale, Fruit Bonanza, Roasted Almond) †¢ Royal Treat Range – (Butterscotch, Rajbhog, Malai Kulfi) †¢ Nut-o-Mania Range – (Kaju Draksh, Kesar Pista Royale, Fruit Bonanza, Roasted Almond) †¢ Nature's Treat – (Alphanso Mango, Fresh Litchi, Shahi Anjir, Fresh Strawberry, Black Currant, Santra Mantra, Fresh Pineapple) †¢ Sundae Range- (Mango, Black Currant, Sundae Magic, Double Sundae) †¢ Assorted Treat – (Choco bar, Dollies, Frostik, Ice Candies, Tricone, Choco crunch, Megabite, Cassatta) †¢ Utterly Delicious – (Vanilla, Strawberry, Chocolate, Chocochips, Cake Magic) ost sheet analysis Direct Cost : | Direct materials | | | |To manufacture one ice cream cup below are the components or raw materials required with their unit cost : | Dry Fruits – 3 % Milk â⠂¬â€œ 70% Flavours – 5 % Other ingredients – 4 % Sugar – 16 % Cup – 2 % 1) Direct Labour : There are 17 workers employed in the production of the ice cream and each worker is paid Rs 2000 per month . 2) Direct Costs or expenses :The direct cost includes costs incurred in bringing the raw materials into the factory ie. Carriage inward. The raw materials are purchased every month and costs involved for carriage are Rs 1840. Indirect Costs: 1) Factory Overheads: The Factory Overheads includes the indirect labour, factory rent, insurance and depreciation on machinery, power, factory supervisor’s salary ,packing material, ware house expenses and other factory expenses. †¢ Indirect labour : This includes 3 sweepers whose average salaries are Rs. 1000 each. †¢ Insurance: The total insurance amount is Rs 15000. †¢ Break up of the total insurance amount for Machinery – 1200000 Land – 500000(1000 sq. ft. * Rs. 500 per sq. ft. ) à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Depreciation on machinery : There are 6 machines in the factory ,one machine is used for making ice creams which is Boiler and other are Refrigerators . The cost of Boiler is Rs 300000 and Refrigerators are worth of Rs. 900000. The depreciation method followed is SLM @ 7%. †¢ Power & Fuel: The monthly average cost of power consumption of the factory is Rs 42375. †¢ Supervisor’s salary : The factory has 2 supervisors and salary of each supervisor is Rs 2500. †¢ Cost of maintenance : oiling and cleaning of machinery and other miscellaneous expences for maintainance. 2) Office and administration overheads:-Office and administration overheads include office rent, salary to staff, office and general expenses, printing and stationary, telephone expenses, electricity and lightings †¢ Office rent: The per sq. ft rate of the Office is Rs 18. The area of the factory is 300 sq. ft. †¢ Salary to staff : the office staff has three employees. A peon, clerk a nd an Accountant and the salaries are Rs 800, Rs 2200 and Rs 4000 respectively. †¢ Office and general expenses: This comprise refreshments(tea and snacks). †¢ Telephone Expenses:- Calls made by the staff members. †¢ Electricity and lightings:- It consists of office lighting and air conditioning expenses. 3) Sales and distribution overheads:- Sales Commission : As a part of encouragement for sales people ,they are given commission of 2. 5 % of the total sales done by them.†¢ Discount allowed : To attract retailer to buy the product they are offered a discount of 5% on the selling price. †¢ Salary of salesmen : The company has 5 sales persons and they are paid a salary of Rs 3500 each per month. †¢ Carriage outward: To carry the finished goods to the whole sellers , the transportations charge per unit/product is set as Re 1. 24. Assumptions : †¢ The company produces only one product †¢ All raw materials consumed in production of ice cream †¢ The production and sales units are same. †¢ In Valuation of plant, the rate per square feet has been assumed at Rs. 00. †¢ We gave a discount to retailer on 450000 units on bulk purchase. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS: The amul ice-creams brand is one of the the top 3 brands . As it’s an Indian brand its popular as a family brand. Its available in all metropolitan cities and is in the reach of middleclass &above middleclass . Its available in many flavours and most of these are Indian flavours –liked by Indians. They are available in various sizes. They are available in reasonable prices. They have launched brands such as sugar free probiotic ice-creams. There are many premium varieties. It’s got good food energy value i. e calories per 100ml-196. 7. WEAKNESS:The durability of amul ice-creams is not really good, it melts very soon. It does not have many outlet centers. Not a famous brand among youngsters who are the main customers of ice-cream. OPPORTUNITI ES: They can come up with new flavours which would be able to attract the youth .They should not restrict themselves to departmental stores infact come with new luxury brands which can be available in hotels and they should come up with their own ice-cream parlours. They should focus more on their advertising and marketing strategies. They should use a strategy similar to what they used in case of butter (Utly butterly girl ). They should come up with offers for purchase of ice-cream in whole market .Offers should run all throughout the year; not only in winters. There should emphasis for special occasions. THREATS : The biggest threat for amul ice-cream industry would be its competitors. Its ranked 3rd in the Indian market . It faces tough competition from the unorganized sector as well. A slight change in the price of the ice-cream would shift its customers to another brand. Foreign players like Baskin- Robbins entering Indian market with new premium brands at feasible prices. [pi c] Bibliography www. amulicecream. in www. google. co. in Annual report of Amul Cost accounting and financial management-Ravi kishore –edition 5 ———————– THREATS OPPORTUNITIES WEAKNESS STRENGTHS

Lit Analysis of Catcher in the Rye essays

Lit Analysis of Catcher in the Rye essays J.D. Salinger has written one of the greatest coming of age novels entitled Catcher In the Rye. In the novel Holden Caulfield goes through many troubles that many teenagers can relate to. In the beginning of the novel, Holden is irresponsible and careless. Throughout the novel, he develops morals, responsibility, and love. The main character in the beginning of the novel, Holden Caulfield, is an irresponsible teenager. He is attending a private high school that he hates everything about. The school is very uptight. Holden says its the type of damn school that cares only about how good they look. So if you are failing it makes them look bad so they kick you out(CITR 11). Holden is failing out of school and he doesnt really care at all. He is also a member of the fencing team for the school. The fencing team and Holden were on the subway on the way to a game. When he got off of the subway, Holden had forgotten to take the equipment with him. Everyone on the team was mad at him, but he just thought it was funny. He has known that he is failing out of school but has not told his parents yet. He knows that his parents will over react. So he does not want to tell them. One might think that Holden does not want to do good in school. If he did do good, he would have to go into the real world and become a mature and responsible man. He does not want to become mature and responsible. He wants to stay young, irresponsible, and careless. Even though Holden is irresponsible and careless, he still acts like a gentleman around the ladies. Holden is nice, sensitive, and caring to woman. He lives in an apartment with Stradler, someone who is the exact opposite. Stradler is the stereotypical jock who is good looking and can get any girl he wants. Holden always says Damn hes handsome. He has a nice body too (CITR 21). Even t...

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Alzheimer’s Disease is a brain disorder which gradually destroys the ability to reason, remember, imagine and learn. It’s different from the mild forgetfulness normally found in older people. Over the course of the disease, people with Alzheimer’s no longer recognize themselves or much about the world around them. Depression, anxiety, and paranoia often accompany these symptoms. Although there is no cure, new treatments help lessen Alzheimer’s symptoms and slow it’s progression. Alzheimer’s is marked by abnormal clumps and knots in the brain cells. For reasons not fully understood, these abnormalities tangle and take over the brain tissue and effects the area of the brain associated with intellectual function. Over four million people in the United States are living with Alzheimer’s. Slightly more women than men have Alzheimer’s disease. While the disease usually affects those over 65 years of age, a rare and aggressive form of Alzheimer’s can happen in some people in their 40’s and 50’s. Alzheimer’s disease progresses slowly, taking between three to 18 years to advance from the earliest symptoms to death; the average duration of the disease is eight years. Death does not result from the disease itself but from some secondary illness such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection. Stages of Alzheimer’s: Â · At the very beginning stages of Alzheimer’s disease it is marked by simple forgetfulness, especially of recent events or directions to familiar places and in some cases, personality changes. Â · The next stage of the disease is characterized by greater difficulty in doing things that require planning, decision making and the use of judgement. Eventually, people with Alzheimer’s can’t do simple daily tasks to live such as eating, bathing and using the toilet. They may also lack interest in personal hygiene and appearance and lose their sex drive. Th ey may have a hard time recognizing everyone except those t... Free Essays on Alzheimer's Copy Free Essays on Alzheimer's Copy Alzheimer’s Disease is a brain disorder which gradually destroys the ability to reason, remember, imagine and learn. It’s different from the mild forgetfulness normally found in older people. Over the course of the disease, people with Alzheimer’s no longer recognize themselves or much about the world around them. Depression, anxiety, and paranoia often accompany these symptoms. Although there is no cure, new treatments help lessen Alzheimer’s symptoms and slow it’s progression. Alzheimer’s is marked by abnormal clumps and knots in the brain cells. For reasons not fully understood, these abnormalities tangle and take over the brain tissue and effects the area of the brain associated with intellectual function. Over four million people in the United States are living with Alzheimer’s. Slightly more women than men have Alzheimer’s disease. While the disease usually affects those over 65 years of age, a rare and aggressive form of Alzheimer’s can happen in some people in their 40’s and 50’s. Alzheimer’s disease progresses slowly, taking between three to 18 years to advance from the earliest symptoms to death; the average duration of the disease is eight years. Death does not result from the disease itself but from some secondary illness such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection. Stages of Alzheimer’s: Â · At the very beginning stages of Alzheimer’s disease it is marked by simple forgetfulness, especially of recent events or directions to familiar places and in some cases, personality changes. Â · The next stage of the disease is characterized by greater difficulty in doing things that require planning, decision making and the use of judgement. Eventually, people with Alzheimer’s can’t do simple daily tasks to live such as eating, bathing and using the toilet. They may also lack interest in personal hygiene and appearance and lose their sex drive. Th ey may have a hard time recognizing everyone except those t...

Sociology project summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sociology project summary - Essay Example It underscores the distinction between progress without environmental degradation and modernization with damaging pollutants (315795_Cities+Week+3.ppt). The Rocks stirs the imagination of the locals as well as the tourist. It takes back one to the rugged and craggy landscape of ancient Australia, to the more somber period of the settlers consisting mostly of convicts, and finally to the marvels of the modern city (Australian Explorer). In order to find out more about The Rocks, its past and current affairs, my team and I thought it fit to make a questionnaire and move around the place meeting people and talking to them with the help of the questionnaire. We decided to move in different direction of the city in twos. There was some apprehension as we had not undertaken this type of work earlier, but we were excited about it. However, when we launched on this project, it was a rewarding exercise. We not only received substantial information, but we also made many friends. The Rocks stretches from the harbor in the north to Kent Street in the west and Grosvenor Street in the south.The hustle and bustle of the city has not eroded the pristine glory of the place that has seen an evolution that would not have been possible elsewhere. On the contrary, the city administrators have gone the extra mile to preserve the historical significance of the place by preserving the old district and building a museum. The Sydney Harbor Bridge is a wonderful link between the old and the new in Sydney. The bridge lies adjacent to The Rocks and it is not difficult to imagine what the place would have been like without the city (Some Background). Tourist attraction for Sydney began in a big way in the 1970s. The city metamorphosed from being a culprits den in the beginning to more sedate business center in the 19th century. It more or less remained this way for most of the first half of the 20th century when the world was ravaged by two world wars. The city became modernized in the second half of the 20th century. Beneath the benign and charm of The Rocks lies the saga of one of history's more malevolent periods in the place when murders, hangings and mysterious deaths were routine. The Rocks was the haunts of convicts and prostitutes initially after Captain Phillip discovered the region. It continued in this manner for about three to five decades. Gradually, it turned into a business center and warehouses were constructed for the maritime industry. These warehouses were later destroyed due to the plague. Some that remained were turned into cafs and restaurants. The city planners have been careful to preserve the old city with its narrow, cobbled streets leaving the old buildings to serve as pubs, restaurants and other places of public interest (Australian Explorer). The Role of Independence The independence of Australia on 11 December 1931 has obviously played a vital role in the construction of Sydney and The Rocks. Not that the nation needed independence. It was thrust on them by the British. That is, the Australians always considered themselves independent from the time

Neurorehabilitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Neurorehabilitation - Essay Example In addition, such programs call for intricate installations as well as competent personnel, reasonably dissimilar from the sports services provided by gymnasia as well as the like at the moment (Perez et al., 2007, p.143). Besides, numerous chronic MS patients find it exceptionally hard to depart from their homes as well as access places with the suitable facilities, thus hampering observance to programs (Perez et al., 2007, p. 144). Currently, there is no known treatment for the condition. However, various studies have suggested physiotherapy for primary progressive MS. In essence, my review critically evaluates a case report whose objective of was to present as well as test successful communal incorporation after physiotherapy intervention with a bias on enhancing autonomous workout routine in ameliorating of a person with MS. Moreover, RW (the patients’ name due to anonymity purposes), presented in this case study, is a fifty-year-old man diagnosed with progressive multiple sclerosis five years prior to self-referral to a pro bono physiotherapy clinic (Zalewski, 2007, p.40). During the intervention, RW (not his real initials) was a 58-year-old man diagnosed with primary progressive MS five years prior self-referral to a pro bono physical therapy clinic. RW reported that his inception of MS was unexpected as well as incapacitating; whilst at work as an electrician, RW underwent an unexpected electrocution that led to in inability to utilize his legs. He accepted as true he had been electrocuted in completing his work and was taken without delay to the hospital for assessment. Through consult as well as follow-up with a neurologist, he was notified that the symptoms experienced did not correlate to a potential electrocution, and he received his diagnosis of MS. RW stated that he never recovered entirely after that preliminary attack and

European Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Studies - Essay Example However, this is not the only reason as to why Europe is further divided into different areas such as the eastern and western Europe. One of the primary elements that make this particular situation worse is the political divide in the country. As noted earlier, besides geographical divisions, there are certain measures of political factors that make the unity among European countries effectively possible. Understandably, it is through this particular factor that the European people are now living in different status of opinions about their governments and the status of life that they are living in. With the history that covers the European territories, it could not be denied that the entire civilization of the European generations have come into different essential understanding as to what has happened to their country to the years. Each individual is sure to gave a different point of view with regards the must's and the must-not's of the past leaders and rulership in the continent as applied in the present situation of the political status of the entire continent. Throughout its history, Europe has had a great influence on world politics. It was the ancient Greeks who first created a democracy, in about 450 B.C. This system, where the people choose the government, is widespread today. During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church held great political influence across Europe. By the 1700's power had shifted away from the church into the hands if a few nations such as Spain and Great Britain. They grew rich from exploring Asia, Africa and the Americas. Many of these colonies did not gain their independence until the present century. Both WWI and WWII began in Europe. After the Second World War, the continent split into Communist countries in the east and Non-Communist countries in the west. Since then, Europe became the center of power struggle, known in history as the Cold War that existed between the Communist and the Non-Communist countries within the European continent. In the 1980's, reforms in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe led to the collapse of communism there. New states emerged when the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia broke up. The Cold War ended but the conflict between ethnic groups and economic problems caused new tensions in Eastern Europe. In An Aim of Reuniting Every Country in Europe FOLLOWING World War II the countries of western Europe faced a tremendous job of economic reconstruction. Their industries were in ruins and their people were poor. The establishment of freer international trade and closer cooperation was a logical response to the situation. During the 1950's an added incentive for these countries to unite was the fear of many Europeans that the threat of Soviet aggression was growing. What steps were taken to achieve this unity of western European countries Have the organizations established for this purpose proved successful What prospects are there now for greater unity in the future After long preparation, the Council of Europe was established in May of 1949. The goal of this organization is to promote closer unity among its some eighteen-member nations so that economic and social progress might be achieved. (Drake, 2005, 87)The

Creating a sense of community Essay Example for Free

Creating a sense of community Essay Introduction Organizations, leaders and employees often need to be commended on a job well done and celebrate it with some exceptional time off from work. This is a positive step for the organization because it not only shows appreciation for those individuals who come to work every day to make sure that their organization achieve all of its goals, but illustrates the organizations appreciation for it valuable staff and employees. This can be done by simply honoring most federal and calendar year holidays throughout the year, company holidays including time off for birthdays and banquet celebrations as well. In addition, on a dismal note, sometimes an organization may have to honor its employees and staff for tragic circumstances that may occur throughout the year. Celebrating the community is key for an organization in terms of keeping their employees motivated and excited about giving their best effort on each task at hand. Kouzes Posner mentions that celebrations serve as important a purpose in the long-term of an organization as does the daily performance of tasks ( Kouzes Posner, p.310, 2013). Celebrating the community serves as a medicine that brings an organizations and its employees together in each prospective shared values and commitments. Overview of community building practices Kouzes Posner states that In acknowledging the community (†common unity†) that individuals share with each other, a sense of team spirit is created among leaders who build and maintain the social support that is required for individuals to thrive and excel during tough times ( Kouzes   Posner, p.310, 2013). Organizations must have in place an supportive structure that will support the employees and enhance their opportunities for appreciation for their hard work. Communities that have a strong commitment for connecting celebrations, community and commitment will set themselves far above average organizations. An outstanding leader who has made the vow to help renew those employees’ commitments will be headed in a positive direction. This approach will serve as a motivational and retention tool for the leaders and organization. Organizations should commit themselves on building fun activities and socials that are fitted for those employees, it’s a celebration of appreciation and respect. Celebrating those outstanding deeds that each employee exemplified should not be kept in house. The good news should be shared with the community, the public. Kouzes Posner suggest that private rewards do little to set an example for the organization ( Kouzes Posner, p.313, 2013). However, having the opportunity to share someone’s story of success is worth celebrating and it will also highlight the individual and the organization in a positive manner. Organizations that connect celebration, community and commitment for the long haul will undoubtedly be successful. Organizations that ensure that their employees understand that they are part of the big picture know that shared values, destiny and victories are important to securing a sense of community. Leaders should make sure that all employees have the opportunity to play a functional role in the celebrations and the framework that support the organizations values. Celebrations can come in all forms such as cyclical celebrations, celebrations of triumph, personal transitions, workplace altruism, events and ritual for comfort and letting go. Not every celebration is upbeat and enjoyable. There are times when a employee may have a sick family member or even suffered a loss of a loved one. Author Colleen Young mentioneds that in ttoday’s organization, the fledgling, but active, community continues to grow, providing peer-to-peer support and information for a very specific point in the health continuum, namely for people living with life-threatening disease, for friends and family who care about and for them, and for people dealing with grief and loss (Young, C. 2013). Different cultures There are many different cultures all around the world that handle  their employees differently. Individuals take time to celebrate their prospective cultures that have a particular meaning for them. Leaders that do not implement group interactions or celebrations could lack the reinforcement of a common purpose for different cultures. The organization have to get involved in each culture collaboration. The cultures in communities are many, such as the Chinese community which is the largest and the fastest growing group among Asian and Pacific Islander populations. It also has many different dialects that a leader and organization must understand. Furthermore, there’s the African American Community and the Central American Community. The African American Community has a group history of oppression and survival also affects the way it is organized. The networks and organizations that form to protect the rights of their members influence the way in which members of the group organize for self-help. It is important for an organization to know about their history and celebrated it accordingly. Lastly, there is the Central Americans who fled from poverty and oppression in their countries to seek a more secure and better life in a new place here in the United States. Challenges that leaders face in respecting the cultural differences Some of the challenges that a leader may encounter are not knowing the unknown and how to deal with tension among the groups when resources are limited. Another challenging situation that will likely to confront the leader is struggling with immigrants whose culture, institution and tradition are not readily familiar to most mainstream groups. Some of those cultures may not have community groups with leaders. Therefore, there is no organization or guidance. Culture typically refers to a set of symbols, rituals, values, and beliefs that make one group different from another. Culture is learned and shared with people who live or lived in the same social environment for a long time. Provide best practices for overcoming these challenges There are several best practices that can help the leader to overcome those cultural challenges. Kouzes Posner discusses that Reflection and Action can help when social interactions required to uphold individuals or groups to a high standard. People are asked to go beyond their comfort zone, so as a leader you should set the example by getting personally involved in the celebrations of varies cultures ( Kouzes Posner, p.329, 2013). Some other  best practices may include Plan a celebration today, reinforce core values in your celebrations. A leader need to start the celebration right now and don’t procrastinate. Understanding those cultures now will make for a better transition of understanding. Lastly, a leader should understand the cultures values and what they aspire to realize ( Kouzes Posner, p.331, 2013). Being innovative and obtaining values and loyalty are key factors that will enable a leader to be successful in dealing with multiple cultures. SDLP I will implement my understanding of connecting celebration, community and commitment to my professional career. I have a clearer picture of how to bond and recognize those employees who work hard and treat them like an individual should be treated. I will go a step further in implementing a framework that will celebrate the key values of my staff when they go the extra mile to achieve their goals. My commitment to them will highlight and reward them not just internally, but publically as well. I know that this will be a motivation tool that can help shape the future of me as a leader and my organization. I will document my newly found knowledge of celebrating a community in my SDLP.

The Rule :: essays research papers

The Rule   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When one turns eighteen years old they are looked at, by many, as an adult. They can vote, probably stay out later, receive more responsibilities because now those responsibilities can be handled. They will soon leave home and start a journey to college. They will be on their own, free to make their own decisions. They will rely on no one but themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If we are given in college the freedom to do as we please then why are their rules when we get there? I am not talking about drinking, or smoking in the rooms. Or how much noise we can make after a certain hour. Colleges have to be strict on those issues because they can be unsafe to the individual or people around them. By keeping the noise down we are only being considerate to other people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rule that I feel is ridiculous is the visitation rule. Why can a guy be in a girls room all day, or a girl be in a guys room all day, but must leave at night? Their is no harm being done if he or she stays. If your roommate doesn't mind then their shouldn't be a problem. If we are told that we are responsible enough to go and live away from home, then why does it matter who we live with? Why aren't we trusted when it comes to that issue? I feel that one should be trusted until one proves otherwise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rule may forbid boyfriends, girlfriends, or just friends to stay in a room, but why family members? Have a heart. Your family member drives all the way to your school to see you and they must sleep some where else, why? Didn't your brother or sister come to visit you in college? Didn't you want him or her to stay with you? If they were a younger sibling wouldn't it make you feel safer if they were by your side all night?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Listen, I am not attacking your decision pertaining to this issue. I am simply asking reasonable questions and stating reasonable ideas on why I feel

Identities And How They Are Formed Essay -- Sociology

Identities and How they are Formed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From this section of the course I have learned about different philosophies and ideas about how identities are formed. The philosophies that make the most sense to me are the ideas of John Locke, Jean- Jacues Rousseau, Charles Harton Cooley and George Herburt Mead. Also the ideas focused on in my exercise have as well helped me to form an idea where identities come from and what they mean socially.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Locke had the idea that people in a society truly want to live together in harmony and that people are not aggressive by nature. That people are born with a "blank slate" and that anything can be learned. I completely agree with this statement. How people are brought up and what they are exposed to defines their identity and intentions in society. I was brought up by loving parents that among others things taught me to be true to my feelings and to express them truthfully. Jean-Jacues Rousseau's theory about corruption relates to the "clean slate" idea. He stated that corruption come from society. So if one is not influenced positively they may end up corrupt and be a hindrance on society. If a child grows up in a "dysfunctional family" they may be at a disadvantage to a child like my brother who is getting the same social education from my parents and the society we live in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles Harton Cooley also touched on the idea of identities. He believed that identities are formed from interactions with people...

The Barnhouse Effect

Let me begin by saying that I don't know any more about where Professor Arthur Barnhouse is hiding than anyone else does. Save for one short, enigmatic message left in my mailbox on Christmas Eve, I have not heard from him since his disappearance a year and a half ago. What's more, readers of this article will be disappointed if they expect to learn how they can bring about the so-called â€Å"Barnhouse Effect. † If I were able and willing to give away that secret, I would certainly be something more important than a psychology instructor.I have been urged to write this report because I did research under the professor's direction and because I was the first to learn of his astonishing discovery. But while I was his student I was never entrusted with knowledge of how the mental forces could be released and directed. He was unwilling to trust anyone with that information. I would like to point out that the term â€Å"Barnhouse Effect† is a creation of the popular press, and was never used by Professor Barnhouse. The name he chose for the phenomenon was â€Å"dynamopsychism,† or force of the mind.I cannot believe that there is a civilized person yet to be convinced that such a force exists, what with its destructive effects on display in every national capital. I think humanity has always had an inkling that this sort of force does exist. It has been common knowledge that some people are luckier than others with inanimate objects like dice. What Professor Barnhouse did was to show that such â€Å"luck† was a measurable force, which in his case could be enormous. By my calculations, the professor was about fifty-five times more powerful than a Nagasaki-type atomic bomb at the time he went into hiding. Read aslo  The Professor is a Dropout.He was not bluffing when, on the eve of â€Å"Operation Brainstorm,† he told General Honus Barker: â€Å"Sitting here at the dinner table, I'm pretty sure I can flatten anything on earth—from Joe Louis to the Great Wall of China. † There is an understandable tendency to look upon Professor Barnhouse as a supernatural visitation. The First Church of Barnhouse in Los Angeles has a congregation numbering in the thousands. He is godlike in neither appearance nor intellect. The man who disarms the world is single, shorter than the average American male, stout, and averse to exercise. His I.Q. is 143, which is good but certainly not sensational. He is quite mortal, about to celebrate his fortieth birthday, and in good health. If he is alone now, the isolation won't bother him too much. He was quiet and shy when I knew him, and seemed to find more companionship in books and music than in his associations at the college. Neither he nor his powers fall outside the sphere of Nature. His dynamopsychic radiations are subject to many known physical laws that apply in the field of radio. Hardly a person has not now heard the snarl of â€Å"Barnhouse static† on his home receiver.The radiations are affected by sunspots and variations in the ionosphere. However, they differ from ordinary broadcast waves, in several important ways. Their total energy can be brought to bear on any single point the professor chooses, and that energy is undiminished by distance. As a weapon, then, dynamopsychism has an impressive advantage over bacteria and atomic bombs, beyond the fact that it costs nothing to use: it enables the professor to single out critical individuals and objects instead of slaughtering whole populations in the process of maintaining international equilibrium.As General Honus Barker told the House Military Affairs Committee: â€Å"Until someone finds Barnhouse, there is no defense against the Barnhouse Effe ct. † Efforts to â€Å"jam† or block the radiations have failed. Premier Slezak could have saved himself the fantastic expense of his â€Å"Barnhouseproof' shelter. Despite the shelter's twelve-foot-thick lead armor, the premier has been floored twice while in it. There is talk of screening the population for men potentially as powerful dynamopsychically as the professor.Senator Warren Foust demanded funds for this purpose last month, with the passionate declaration: â€Å"He who rules the Barnhouse Effect rules the world! † Commissar Kropotnik said much the same thing, so another costly armaments race, with a new twist, has begun. This race at least has its comical aspects. The world's best gamblers are being coddled by governments like so many nuclear physicists. There may be several hundred persons with dynamopsychic talent on earth, myself included. But, without knowledge of the professor's technique, they can never be anything but dice-table despots.With th e secret, it would probably take them ten years to become dangerous weapons. It took the professor that long. He who rules the Barnhouse Effect is Barnhouse and will be for some time. Popularly, the â€Å"Age of Barnhouse† is said to have begun a year and a half ago, on the day of Operation Brainstorm. That was when dynamopsychism became significant politically. Actually, the phenomenon was discovered in May, 1942, shortly after the professor turned down a direct commission in the Army and enlisted as an artillery private. Like X-rays and vulcanized rubber, dynamopsychism was discovered by accident.From time to time Private Barnhouse was invited to take part in games of chance by his barrack mates. He knew nothing about the games, and usually begged off. But one evening, out of social grace, he agreed to shoot craps. It was either terrible or wonderful that he played, depending upon whether or not you like the world as it now is. â€Å"Shoot sevens, Pop,† someone said. So â€Å"Pop† shot sevens—ten in a row to bankrupt the barracks. He retired to his bunk and, as a mathematical exercise, calculated the odds against his feat on the back of a laundry slip.His chances of doing it, he found, were one in almost ten million! Bewildered, he borrowed a pair of dice from the man in the bunk next to his. He tried to roll sevens again, but got only the usual assortment of numbers. He lay back for a moment, then resumed his toying with the dice. He rolled ten more sevens in a row. He might have dismissed the phenomenon with a low whistle. But the professor instead mulled over the circumstances surrounding his two lucky streaks. There was one single factor in common: on both occasions, the same thought train had flashed through his mind just before he threw the dice.It was that thought train which aligned the professor's brain cells into what has since become the most powerful weapon on earth. The soldier in the next bunk gave dynamopsychism its first token of respect. In an understatement certain to bring wry smiles to the faces of the world's dejected demagogues, the soldier said, â€Å"You're hotter'n a two-dollar pistol, Pop. † Professor Barnhouse was all of that. The dice that did his bidding weighed but a few grams, so the forces involved were minute; but the unmistakable fact that there were such forces was earth-shaking.Professional caution kept him from revealing his discovery immediately. He wanted more facts and a body of theory to go with them. Later, when the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, it was fear that made him hold his peace. At no time were his experiments, as Premier Slezak called them, â€Å"a bourgeois plot to shackle the true democracies of the world. † The professor didn't know where they were leading. In time, he came to recognize another startling feature of dynamopsychism: its strength increased with use. Within six months, he was able to govern dice thrown by men the length of a barracks distant.By the time of his discharge in 1945, he could knock bricks loose from chimneys three miles away. Charges that Professor Barnhouse could have won the last war in a minute, but did not care to do so, are perfectly senseless. When the war ended, he had the range and power of a 37-millimeter cannon, perhaps—certainly no more. His dynamopsychic powers graduated from the small-arms class only after his discharge and return to Wyandotte College. I enrolled in the Wyandotte Graduate School two years after the professor had rejoined the faculty. By chance, he was assigned as my thesis adviser.I was unhappy about the assignment, for the professor was, in the eyes of both colleagues and students, a somewhat ridiculous figure. He missed classes or had lapses of memory during lectures. When I arrived, in fact, his shortcomings had passed from the ridiculous to the intolerable. â€Å"We're assigning you to Barnhouse as a sort of temporary thing,† the dean of s ocial studies told me. He looked apologetic and perplexed. â€Å"Brilliant man, Barnhouse, I guess. Difficult to know since his return, perhaps, but his work before the war brought a great deal of credit to our little school. When I reported to the professor's laboratory for the first time, what I saw was more distressing than the gossip. Every surface in the room was covered with dust; books and apparatus had not been disturbed for months. The professor sat napping at his desk when I entered. The only signs of recent activity were three overflowing ashtrays, a pair of scissors, and a morning paper with several items clipped from its front page. As he raised his head to look at me, I saw that his eyes were clouded with fatigue. â€Å"Hi,† he said, â€Å"just can't seem to get my sleeping done at night. He lighted a cigarette, his hands trembling slightly. â€Å"You the young man I'm supposed to help with a thesis? † â€Å"Yes, sir,† I said. In minutes he conve rted my misgivings to alarm. â€Å"You an overseas veteran? † he asked. â€Å"Yes, sir. † â€Å"Not much left over there, is there? † He frowned. â€Å"Enjoy the last war? † â€Å"No, sir. † â€Å"Look like another war to you? † â€Å"Kind of, sir. † â€Å"What can be done about it? † I shrugged. â€Å"Looks pretty hopeless. † He peered at me intently. â€Å"Know anything about international law, the U. N. , and all that? † â€Å"Only what I pick up from the papers. â€Å"Same here,† he sighed. He showed me a fat scrapbook packed with newspaper clippings. â€Å"Never used to pay any attention to international politics. Now I study them the way I used to study rats in mazes. Everybody tells me the same thing—'Looks hopeless. ‘ † â€Å"Nothing short of a miracle—† I began. â€Å"Believe in magic? † he asked sharply. The professor fished two dice from his vest pocket. â€Å"I will try to roll twos,† he said. He rolled twos three times in a row. â€Å"One chance in about 47,000 of that happening. There's a miracle for you. He beamed for an instant, then brought the interview to an end, remarking that he had a class which had begun ten minutes ago. He was not quick to take me into his confidence, and he said no more about his trick with the dice. I assumed they were loaded, and forgot about them. He set me the task of watching male rats cross electrified metal strips to get to food or female rats—an experiment that had been done to everyone's satisfaction in the nineteen-thirties. As though the pointlessness of my work were not bad enough, the professor annoyed me further with irrelevant questions.His favorites were: â€Å"Think we should have dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima? † and â€Å"Think every new piece of scientific information is a good thing for humanity? † However, I did not feel put upon for long.  "Give those poor animals a holiday,† he said one morning, after I had been with him only a month. â€Å"I wish you'd help me look into a more interesting problem—namely, my sanity. † I returned the rats to their cages. â€Å"What you must do is simple,† he said, speaking softly. â€Å"Watch the inkwell on my desk. If you see nothing happen to it, say so, and I'll go quietly—relieved, I might add—to the nearest sanitarium.I nodded uncertainly. He locked the laboratory door and drew the blinds, so that we were in twilight for a moment. â€Å"I'm odd, I know,† he said. â€Å"It's fear of myself that's made me odd. † â€Å"I've found you somewhat eccentric, perhaps, but certainly not—† â€Å"If nothing happens to that inkwell, ‘crazy as a bedbug' is the only description of me that will do,† he interrupted, turning on the overhead lights. His eyes narrowed. â€Å"To give you an idea of how crazy, I'll tel l you what's been running through my mind when I should have been sleeping. I think maybe I can save the world.I think maybe I can make every nation a have nation, and do away with war for good. I think maybe I can clear roads through jungles, irrigate deserts, build dams overnight. † â€Å"Yes, sir. † â€Å"Watch the inkwell! † Dutifully and fearfully I watched. A high-pitched humming seemed to come from the inkwell; then it began to vibrate alarmingly, and finally to bound about the top of the desk, making two noisy circuits. It stopped, hummed again, glowed red, then popped in splinters with a blue-green flash. Perhaps my hair stood on end. The professor laughed gently. â€Å"Magnets? † I managed to say at last. Wish to heaven it were magnets,† he murmured. It was then that he told me of dynamopsychism. He knew only that there was such a force; he could not explain it. â€Å"It's me and me alone—and it's awful. † â€Å"I'd say it wa s amazing and wonderful! † I cried. â€Å"If all I could do was make inkwells dance, I'd be tickled silly with the whole business. † He shrugged disconsolately. â€Å"But I'm no toy, my boy. If you like, we can drive around the neighborhood, and I'll show you what I mean. † He told me about pulverized boulders, shattered oaks, and abandoned farm buildings demolished within a fifty-mile radius of the campus. Did every bit of it sitting right here, just thinking—not even thinking hard. † He scratched his head nervously. â€Å"I have never dared to concentrate as hard as I can for fear of the damage I might do. I'm to the point where a mere whim is a blockbuster. † There was a depressing pause. â€Å"Up until a few days ago, I've thought it best to keep my secret for fear of what use it might be put to,† he continued. â€Å"Now I realize that I haven't any more right to it than a man has a right to own an atomic bomb. † He fumbled t hrough a heap of papers. â€Å"This says about all that needs to be said, I think. He handed me a draft of a letter to the Secretary of State. Dear Sir: I have discovered a new force which costs nothing to use, and which is probably more important than atomic energy. I should like to see it used most effectively in the cause of peace, and am, therefore, requesting your advice as to how this might best be done. Yours truly, A. Barnhouse. â€Å"I have no idea what will happen next,† said the professor. There followed three months of perpetual nightmare, wherein the nation's political and military great came at all hours to watch the professor's tricks.We were quartered in an old mansion near Charlottesville, Virginia, to which we had been whisked five days after the letter was mailed. Surrounded by barbed wire and twenty guards, we were labeled â€Å"Project Wishing Well,† and were classified as Top Secret. For companionship we had General Honus Barker and the State Dep artment's William K. Cuthrell. For the professor's talk of peace-through-plenty they had indulgent smiles and much discourse on practical measures and realistic thinking. So treated, the professor, who had at first been almost meek, rogressed in a matter of weeks toward stubbornness. He had agreed to reveal the thought train by means of which he aligned his mind into a dynamopsychic transmitter. But, under Cuthrell's and Barker's nagging to do so, he began to hedge. At first he declared that the information could be passed on simply by word of mouth. Later he said that it would have to be written up in a long report. Finally, at dinner one night, just after General Barker had read the secret orders for Operation Brainstorm, the professor announced, â€Å"The report may take as long as five years to write. He looked fiercely at the general. â€Å"Maybe twenty. † The dismay occasioned by this flat announcement was offset somewhat by the exciting anticipation of Operation Brain storm. The general was in a holiday mood. â€Å"The target ships are on their way to the Caroline Islands at this very moment,† he declared ecstatically. â€Å"One hundred and twenty of them! At the same time, ten V-2s are being readied for firing in New Mexico, and fifty radio-controlled jet bombers are being equipped for a mock attack on the Aleutians. Just think of it! † Happily he reviewed his orders. At exactly 1100 hours next Wednesday, I will give you the order to concentrate; and you, professor, will think as hard as you can about sinking the target ships, destroying the V-2s before they hit the ground, and knocking down bombers before they reach the Aleutians! Think you can handle it? † The professor turned gray and closed his eyes. â€Å"As I told you before, my friend, I don't know what I can do. † He added bitterly, â€Å"As for this Operation Brainstorm, I was never consulted about it, and it strikes me as childish and in insanely expensive. General Barker bridled. â€Å"Sir,† he said, â€Å"your field is psychology, and I wouldn't presume to give you advice in that field. Mine is national defense. I have had thirty years of experience and success, Professor, and I'll ask you not to criticize my judgment. † The professor appealed to Mr. Cuthrell. â€Å"Look,† he pleaded, â€Å"isn't it war and military matters we're all trying to get rid of? Wouldn't it be a whole lot more significant and lots cheaper for me to try moving cloud masses into drought areas, and things like that?I admit I know next to nothing about international politics, but it seems reasonable to suppose that nobody would want to fight wars if there were enough of everything to go around. Mr. Cuthrell, I'd like to try running generators where there isn't any coal or water power, irrigating deserts, and so on. Why, you could figure out what each country needs to make the most of its resources, and I could give it to them without costi ng American taxpayers a penny. † â€Å"Eternal vigilance is the price of freedom,† said the general heavily. Mr. Cuthrell threw the general a look of mild distaste. Unfortunately, the general is right in his own way,† he said. â€Å"I wish to heaven the world were ready for ideals like yours, but it simply isn't. We aren't surrounded by brothers, but by enemies. It isn't a lack of food or resources that has us on the brink of war—it's a struggle for power. Who's going to be in charge of the world, our kind of people or theirs? † The professor nodded in reluctant agreement and arose from the table. â€Å"I beg your pardon, gentlemen. You are, after all, better qualified to judge what is best for the country. I'll do whatever you say. He turned to me. â€Å"Don't forget to wind the restricted clock and put the confidential cat out,† he said gloomily, and ascended the stairs to his bedroom. For reasons of national security, Operation Brainstorm was carried on without the knowledge of the American citizenry which was paying the bill. The observers, technicians, and military men involved in the activity knew that a test was under way—a test of what, they had no idea. Only thirty-seven key men, myself included, knew what was afoot. In Virginia, the day for Operation Brainstorm was unseasonably cool.Inside, a log fire crackled in the fireplace, and the flames were reflected in the polished metal cabinets that lined the living room. All that remained of the room's lovely old furniture was a Victorian love seat, set squarely in the center of the floor, facing three television receivers. One long bench had been brought in for the ten of us privileged to watch. The television screens showed, from left to right, the stretch of desert which was the rocket target, the guinea-pig fleet, and a section of the Aleutian sky through which the radio-controlled bomber formation would roar.Ninety minutes before H-hour the radios announ ced that the rockets were ready, that the observation ships had backed away to what was thought to be a safe distance, and that the bombers were on their way. The small Virginia audience lined up on the bench in order of rank, smoked a great deal, and said little. Professor Barnhouse was in his bedroom. General Barker bustled about the house like a woman preparing Thanksgiving dinner for twenty. At ten minutes before H-hour the general came in, shepherding the professor before him.The professor was comfortably attired in sneakers, gray flannels, a blue sweater, and a white shirt open at the neck. The two of them sat side by side on the love seat. The general was rigid and perspiring; the professor was cheerful. He looked at each of the screens, lighted a cigarette and settled back. â€Å"Bombers sighted! † cried the Aleutian observers. â€Å"Rockets away! † barked the New Mexico radio operator. All of us looked quickly at the big electric clock over the mantel, while t he professor, a half-smile on his face, continued to watch the television sets. In hollow tones, the general counted away the seconds remaining. Five . . . four . . . three . . . two . . . one . . . Concentrate! † Professor Barnhouse closed his eyes, pursed his lips, and stroked his temples. He held the position for a minute. The television images were scrambled, and the radio signals were drowned in the din of Barnhouse static. The professor sighed, opened his eyes, and smiled confidently. â€Å"Did you give it everything you had? † asked the general dubiously. â€Å"I was wide open,† the professor replied. The television images pulled themselves together, and mingled cries of amazement came over the radios tuned to the observers.The Aleutian sky was streaked with the smoke trails of bombers screaming down in flames. Simultaneously, there appeared high over the rocket target a cluster of white puffs, followed by faint thunder. General Barker shook his head happi ly. â€Å"By George! † he crowed. â€Å"Well, sir, by George, by George, by George! † â€Å"Look! † shouted the admiral seated next to me. â€Å"The fleet-it wasn't touched! † â€Å"The guns seem to be drooping,† said Mr. Cuthrell. We left the bench and clustered about the television set to examine the damage more closely. What Mr. Cuthrell had said was true.The ships' guns curved downward, their muzzles resting on the steel decks. We in Virginia were making such a hullabaloo that it was impossible to hear the radio reports. We were so engrossed, in fact, that we didn't miss the professor until two short snarls of Barnhouse static shocked us into sudden silence. The radios went dead. We looked around apprehensively. The professor was gone. A harassed guard threw open the front door from the outside to yell that the professor had escaped. He brandished his pistol in the direction of the gates, which hung open, limp and twisted.In the distance, a spe eding government station wagon topped a ridge and dropped from sight into the valley beyond. The air was filled with choking smoke, for every vehicle on the grounds was ablaze. Pursuit was impossible. â€Å"What in God's name got into him? † bellowed the general. Mr. Cuthrell, who had rushed out onto the front porch, now slouched back into the room, reading a penciled note as he came. He thrust the note into my hands. â€Å"The good man left this billet-doux under the door knocker. Perhaps our young friend here will be kind enough to read it to you gentlemen, while I take a restful walk through the woods. â€Å"Gentlemen,† I read aloud, ‘as the first superweapon with a conscience, I am removing myself from your national defense stockpile. Setting a new precedent in the behavior of ordnance, I have humane reasons for going off. A. Barnhouse. † Since that day, of course, the professor has been systematically destroying the world's armaments, until there is n ow little with which to equip an army other than rocks and sharp sticks. His activities haven't exactly resulted in peace, but have, rather, precipitated a bloodless and entertaining sort of war that might be called the â€Å"War of the Tattletales. Every nation is flooded with enemy agents whose sole mission is to locate military equipment, which is promptly wrecked when it is brought to the professor's attention in the press. Just as every day brings news of more armaments pulverized by dynamopsychism, so has it brought rumors of the professor's whereabouts. During last week alone, three publications carried articles proving variously that he was hiding in an Inca ruin in the Andes, in the sewers of Paris, and in the unexplored lower chambers of Carlsbad Caverns.Knowing the man, I am inclined to regard such hiding places as unnecessarily romantic and uncomfortable. While there are numerous persons eager to kill him, there must be millions who would care for him and hide him. I li ke to think that he is in the home of such a person. One thing is certain: at this writing, Professor Barnhouse is not dead. Barnhouse static jammed broadcasts not ten minutes ago. In the eighteen months since his disappearance, he has been reported dead some half-dozen times. Each report has stemmed from the death of an unidentified man resembling the professor, during a period free of the static.The first three reports were followed at once by renewed talk of rearmament and recourse to war. The saber-rattlers have learned how imprudent premature celebrations of the professor's demise can be. Many a stouthearted patriot has found himself prone in the tangled bunting and timbers of a smashed reviewing stand, seconds after having announced that the arch-tyranny of Barnhouse was at an end. But those who would make war if they could, in every country in the world, wait in sullen silence for what must come—the passing of Professor Barnhouse.To ask how much longer the professor wi ll live is to ask how much longer we must wait for the blessings of another world war. He is of short-lived stock: his mother lived to be fifty-three, his father to be forty-nine; and the life-spans of his grandparents on both sides were of the same order. He might be expected to live, then, for perhaps fifteen years more, if he can remain hidden from his enemies. When one considers the number and vigor of these enemies, however, fifteen years seems an extraordinary length of time, which might better be revised to fifteen days, hours, or minutes.The professor knows that he cannot live much longer. I say this because of the message left in my mailbox on Christmas Eve. Unsigned, typewritten on a soiled scrap of paper, the note consisted of ten sentences. The first nine of these, each a bewildering tangle of psychological jargon and references to obscure texts, made no sense to me at first reading. The tenth, unlike the rest, was simply constructed and contained no large words—b ut its irrational content made it the most puzzling and bizarre sentence of all. I nearly threw the note away, thinking it a colleague's warped notion of a practical joke.For some reason, though, I added it to the clutter on top of my desk, which included, among other mementos, the professor's dice. It took me several weeks to realize that the message really meant something, that the first nine sentences, when unsnarled, could be taken as instructions. The tenth still told me nothing. It was only last night that I discovered how it fitted in with the rest. The sentence appeared in my thoughts last night, while I was toying absently with the professor's dice. I promised to have this report on its way to the publishers today.In view of what has happened, I am obliged to break that promise, or release the report incomplete. The delay will not be a long one, for one of the few blessings accorded a bachelor like myself is the ability to move quickly from one abode to another, or from one way of life to another. What property I want to take with me can be packed in a few hours. Fortunately, I am not without substantial private means, which may take as long as a week to realize in liquid and anonymous form. When this is done, I shall mail the report. I have just returned from a visit to my doctor, who tells me my health is excellent.I am young, and, with any luck at all, I shall live to a ripe old age indeed, for my family on both sides is noted for longevity. Briefly, I propose to vanish. Sooner or later, Professor Barnhouse must die. But long before then I shall be ready. So, to the saber-rattlers of today and even, I hope, of tomorrow—I say: Be advised. Barnhouse will die. But not the Barnhouse Effect. Last night, I tried once more to follow the oblique instructions on the scrap of paper. I took the professor's dice, and then, with the last, nightmarish sentence flitting through my mind, I rolled fifty consecutive sevens.